These apparently…
• Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) Instructions: The core command of an AI chip. It multiplies two numbers and adds the result to an accumulator, repeating this billions of times per second for neural network weights and biases. • Tensor and Matrix Operations: Instructions tailored for multi-dimensional grid math (matrix multiplications and dot products) rather than single-line sequential math. • Vector Processing Instructions: Commands that apply a single instruction to massive blocks of data simultaneously (SIMD / Single Instruction, Multiple Data). • Activation Functions: Specialized hardware-level or microcode routines for non-linear mathematical functions (like ReLU or GELU) required by neural layers. • Low-Precision Arithmetic Commands: Instructions tuned for reduced-precision formats (such as 4-bit, 8-bit, or 16-bit floating-point numbers) rather than heavy 64-bit double-precision numbers, saving energy and silicon space.
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